The 9th symposium on energy storage Beyond Lithium Ion (BLI-IX), held at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory May 24-26, 2016. This meeting is one of a successive series of symposiums organized by a consortium of IBM Research and U.S. national laboratories including Argonne, Lawrence Berkeley, Pacific Northwest, Oak Ridge, National Renewable, and NASA to bring together scientists and engineers focused on transformational advances in scalable energy storage.